Beyond atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease, the NLRP3 inflammasome and downstream cytokines IL-1ß, IL-18, to IL-6 play a key pathogenic role in non-ischemic, inflammatory heart disease [myocarditis (22, 28–30), pericarditis (31)] and the progression to heart failure (32, 33). Here, IL1B is linked to heart failure.