CCL2 and infection: The levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the plasma of the macaques inoculated with DIs were increased at Day 1 after challenge infection, whereas no such increase was seen in the plasma of the macaques vaccinated with rDIs-S and subjected to challenge infection (Supplementary Figure 6).