The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) of BKV is recognized by intracellular sensors such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors enhancing the expression of cytokines, chemokines and type I interferons (IFNs) (26–29) to control infection. The gene discussed is IFIH1; the disease is infection.