Other agents that have been tried in the treatment of GCA include anti-CSF2 therapy using mavrilimumab (133), which blocks GM-CSF signaling, and would be expected to have an impact on giant cell formation, and JAK-inhibition [e.g. baricitinib (134)], which has a broader effect on intracellular signaling and activation of T cells and other cell populations that makes it promising as a strategy for treating GCA. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is temporal arteritis.