SPTLC1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Consistently, another report revealed that early-onset obesity enhanced ceramide synthesis in PVN, which accelerates the maturation of the ovarian noradrenergic system, virogenetic suppression of SPTLC1 that inhibits ceremide synthesis, in turn reverses obesity-induced CPP, indicating that central ceremide is crucial in integrating metabolic and neuronal circuits in CPP (53).