ESR1 and diabetes mellitus: A study including 1143 rural residents recruited randomly from Henan Province China explored the potential association between the ESRα promoter methylation, lipid metabolism, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and found that the ESRα promoter methylation levels were negatively associated with HDL-C levels whether gender stratification was performed (P< 0.05) and positively correlated with LDL-C in men (P< 0.05) (36, 37).