We evaluated the capability of the diagnostic classifier in distinguishing between SLE-APO and SLE-NC, showing that SEZ6 had the highest in-sample predictive ability (AUC = 0.753) followed by NRAD1 (AUC = 0.694), and LPAR4 (AUC = 0.654) (Figure 4A). Here, NRAD1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.