reported that the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in BAH patients than APA patients after adjusting for some clinical backgrounds, and they hypothesized that the pathogenesis of BAH may be that obesity induces the production of adipocytokines such as CTRP1, leptin, and resistin, which elevate aldosterone via a renin independent pathway (35). This evidence concerns the gene C1QTNF1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.