Serum tPSA has satisfactory sensitivity for the diagnosis of PCa, but elevated PSA is not specific for PCa; some PSA derivatives, such as PSA density (PSAD), PSA velocity, PSA doubling time, and free/total PSA ratio, also have a fairly diagnostic value for PCa, but their clinical value is still controversial, and more high-quality studies are still necessary before clinical practice (7, 8). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.