TSC1 and tuberous sclerosis: The genetic mutation of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) or tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) genes causes tuberous sclerosis (also called tuberous sclerosis complex, or TSC) disorder in humans, presenting with multi-organ hamartomas, renal cysts, cortical tubers, hypomelanotic macules, facial angiofibroma, progressive splenic hamartomas, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, and drug-resistance[1-5].