Interestingly, the cGAS-STING pathway has been elucidated to modulate the cellular immune response to viral and bacterial infections, and STING mutation or excessive STING activation is closely associated with various autoimmune diseases such as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) and systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) [34, 60]. Here, CGAS is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.