CTLA4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), neoplasm-localized MAIT cells exhibited upregulation of inhibitory immune molecules (e.g., PD-1, CTLA-4, and TIM-3) and secreted lower quantities of effector molecules (e.g., IFN-γ, granzyme B, and perforin).4