SMAD1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It is known that PDGFs can affect the processes of T2DM and its complications via various signalling pathways (including PKC Ө and PKCε, NF-κB, PI3K, PLCγ, Src/ Smad1/Col4, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38 MAPKSHP-1 and ERK/Akt pathways).