And in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment of HCC, CFL1 can be transcriptionally activated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and subsequently interacts with PLD1 to inhibit PLD1 ubiquitination degradation and stabilize its expression, thereby activating the AKT pathway [24]. Here, PLD1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.