IL1B and neurodegenerative disease: Not surprisingly, we and others show that the portfolio of cytokines released by activated microglia is substantive and includes several key entities, including IL-1β, IL-8, IL-33, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20), and IL-6.62, 63, 64, 65 These key cytokines are implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases,66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 with IL-872 and IL-1β73 reported to have direct neurotoxic effects and IL-3374 associated with long-term memory impairment.