ACE and Cognitive impairment: Although the course of neurodegeneration post–MI has not been characterised, recent evidence suggests that interventions such as lifestyle changes, cardiac rehabilitation, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can halt cognitive decline and possibly improve cognitive function.84, 85, 86 Since clinical HF therapy trials generally exclude patients with cognitive impairment or dementia, data pertinent to the treatment for cognitive impairment in HF patients is limited.