In addition, the analysis revealed 14 additional proteins (including cytokines: IL-6 and SCF, chemokines: fractalkine, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-3, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β, a growth factor PDGF-AA, a hormone leptin, tumor markers: AFP, CA15–3, and immune checkpoint proteins: CD40 and PD-L2) with good discriminatory properties for other EC subtype group, but not low-grade EEC when compared to benign conditions (Fig. 3). The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is exstrophy-epispadias complex.