Individuals in tertile III were slightly older, more frequently current smokers, with lower PA level (except for ABSI), LDL cholesterol, and eGFR and higher HbA1c, triglycerides, triglycerides:HDL ratio, systolic BP, albuminuria, and prevalence of hypertension, insulin, anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet, and anti-coagulant treatment, DKD, DR, CVD, and comorbidities, especially COPD, compared to those in tertile I of each measure. This evidence concerns the gene INS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.