Since SNP rs1804506 was significantly associated with ESCC in our Chinese Han population, the expression levels of its located gene (TGFBR3) and the interacted miRNAs (miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p) were next detected in ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. This evidence concerns the gene TGFBR3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.