Therefore, inflammaging can be considered as a long-standing and self-perpetuating “pathogen-free inflammation”, which may contribute to PD pathogenesis [35, 37]; indeed, aged microglia are more responsive to pro-inflammatory stimuli inducing overexpression of several PC including NF-κB, and up-regulation of inflammasome pathways [38]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to Parkinson disease.