Given the importance of inflammatory pathways in aging and PD pathogenesis [27], in this review, we aimed to update existing knowledge on the role of the α-syn/TLRs/NLRP3-Cas-1 inflammasome axis and microglial activation in PD [19, 27, 28], by exploring potential links between inflammaging and neurodegeneration; we also discussed advantages and limits of potential treatment options to modulate immune responses and counteract neuroinflammation in PD. Here, NLRP3 is linked to Parkinson disease.