TLR4 and Parkinson disease: Many natural compounds including farrerol, kaempferol, dihydrotestosterone, silymarin, and hesperidin showed anti-inflammatory effects mediated by inhibition of TLR4 or TLR4-dependent pathways, further decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cellular and murine PD models [82–84, 88, 90]; the flavonoid silymarin, in particular, has been shown neuroprotective effects by reducing neuronal apoptosis, through inhibition of TLR4 over expression, in dopaminergic neurons in murine SNpc [89].