All these changes were significantly ameliorated by the chronic supplementation with ASE with a decrease in KIM1 expression in the kidney (− 35%, P < 0.05 compared to CKD) or in the urinary excretion of KIM-1 or NGAl (− 70%, P < 0.05 and − 59%, P < 0.05, respectively). The gene discussed is HAVCR1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.