To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of autoimmune disease nanovaccine, CeNPs were additionally attached on MSN-MOG via electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged MSN-MOG and positively charged CeNPs (Supplementary Fig. 10a), resulting in the ROS-scavenging MSN-MOG-Ce nanovaccine (Fig. 6a, b). The gene discussed is MOG; the disease is autoimmune disease.