The current Erythropoietin for the Repair of Cerebral Injury in Very Preterm Infants (EpoRepair) trial is investigating the safety and efficacy of high-dose erythropoietin after a diagnosis of moderate to severe IVH in preterm infants.9 The present preliminary report covers the clinical course to hospital discharge and characterization of the specific features of encephalopathy of prematurity, including the structural changes in white and gray matter detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at term-equivalent age (TEA). This evidence concerns the gene EPO and Encephalopathy.