TGFB1 and neoplasm: In tumor cells, the protein levels of TGF-β, TGFBR1, SMAD2/3, and pSMAD2/3 were negatively associated with the Ca/STM ratio of CD8+ T cells, and the levels of SMAD4 were negatively associated with the Ca/STM ratio of CD4+ T cells (Figure 2F), which is consistent with the role of TGF-β signaling in suppressing TILs.