APOL1 and chronic kidney disease: The role ofAPOL1 KRV in the pathogenesis of CKD in African populations is unclear.APOL1 KRV have been associated with hypertension-attributed and non-diabetic CKD in Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria, persistent albuminuria despite well-controlled HIV disease in Nigeria, and HIV-associated nephropathy, systolic hypertension and low eGFR in South Africa2,8–11.