TNF and hypertensive disorder: Th1 and Th17 cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17a, which are prominent pathogens in hypertension models (104, 109) while Treg cell inhibits Ang II-induced hypertension by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, which mainly include IL-10 and TGF-β (110).