TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Enalapril also attenuated renal fibrosis in UUO rats by suppressing apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (Yang et al., 2019) or regulating fibroblast activation (ɑ-SMA), pro-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β, mast cell infiltration, and, probably, mast cell degranulation (Sun et al., 2016).