IRS1 and neoplasm: In our study, CARD11(caspase recruitment domain family member 11) (mutated in 18% intracranial teratomas), IRS1(insulin receptor substrate 1) (18%), PSMD11(16%), RELN(16%), RRAS2(16%), SMC1A(16%), SYNE1(16%) and ZFHX3(16%) were the tumor-related genes with the highest mutation rates in our cohort.