APOE and atherosclerosis: The chronic treatment (20 weeks) with protocatechuic acid in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mouse model was able to decrease the aortic vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression and plasma-soluble VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels, inhibiting atherosclerosis development (Wang et al., 2010).