SMAD4 and colorectal carcinoma: We focused on mutations in genes that are in signaling pathways commonly dysregulated in CRC according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) [2, 12, 29–31]: Wnt (Ctnnb1, Apc, and Rspo3; 181/195 tumors in TCGA contain at least one mutation affecting this pathway), p53 (p53; 120/195 tumors in TCGA contain at least one mutation affecting this pathway), Mapk (Kras; 122/195 tumors in TCGA contain at least one mutation affecting this pathway), and Tgf-B (Smad4; 70/195 tumors in TCGA contain at least one mutation affecting this pathway).