To demonstrate that the embryoid model recapitulates pathogenetic processes of Turner syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases, transcriptomes of both hiPSCs and the corresponding CD38+ hPGCLCs of three karyotypes, 45,XO, 46,XX, and 46,XY, were analyzed to identify differential expressed genes (DEGs) in 45,XO during the specification process of hPGCLCs derived from hiPSCs (Fig. 2a). This evidence concerns the gene CD38 and neurodegenerative disease.