A recently published study in patients with RA on the risk of cardiovascular and malignant diseases demonstrated that the incidence of malignoma (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) under tofacitinib is increased as compared to TNF-alpha inhibitor treatment regardless of tofacitinib dosage (IR: 1.13 vs. 0.77); however, it is important to note the RA patients included in that study were older than 50 years and showed at least one cardiovascular risk factor [23]. Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.