For example, FX and FV are expressed in endometrial cancer, breast cancer-derived immune cells, and in TME macrophages, endothelium, fibroblasts, and retinal pigment epithelial cells.37–42 TF and FVll have also been shown to be expressed in malignant cells such as ovarian, hepatocellular carcinoma, and GBM.9,11,12,43,44 However, previous studies have not demonstrated the expression and physiological function of either the entire extrinsic, the entire intrinsic coagulation factors or the entire prothrombinase complex components. This evidence concerns the gene F5 and breast cancer.