TGFB1 and Alzheimer disease: Similarly, Rombouts et al. reviewed the function of VSMCs in aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection and pointed out that TGF-β signaling and its’ regulatory RNA expression could modulate VSMCPS, and maybe potential targets for noninvasive AA and AD treatment options (Michel et al., 2018; Rombouts et al., 2022).