CSF1R and cancer: It has been reported that dual blockages of the CD47-SIRPα and MCSF-CSF1R signaling axes by liposomes-encapsulated SHP2 and CSF1R inhibitors show great potential for TAMs-based cancer immunotherapy, which resulted in sufficient re-education of M2-TAMs to an active M1 subpopulation (Figure 9A, B) 82.