CSF1 and neoplasm: Direct inhibition of CSF1R in CSF1-CSF1R signaling axis by some molecular targeted inhibitors (e.g. BLZ-945, anti-CSF1R antibody and CSF1R siRNA) is capable of highly decreasing the abundance of TAMs in TME by inhibition of cell growth or survival, thereby eliciting CD8+ T cells-based immune response against tumor progression 156, 157.