CD274 and neoplasm: For example, Dai group has developed the biocompatible cubic phase (α phase)-based rare earth nanoparticles (α-ErNPs: α phase NaYbF4:2%Er,2%Ce@NaYF4 nanocrystals) that showed bright downconversion fluorescence at about 1600 nm, which could be used for dynamic imaging of the tumor immunotherapy after bounding with anti-PD-L1 mAb in mice 119.