TLR4 and infection: enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) infection by early induction of CMPK2 expression with 12–13-fold increase by 3 h wherein they escalated further to ~28-fold by 6 h of infection (Figure 1E), and this response was completely abolished with the addition of CLI095, confirming the TLR4 engagement-dependent expression of this gene in macrophages (Figure 1F).