SCD and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In our study, based on mRNA levels, FDE supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of Pparα and Cpt1 in hepatocytes, while significantly decreased the expression of Cd36, Srebp1, Scd1, Fasn, and Acc. These results suggest that FDE supplementation might inhibit fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis, and promote fatty acid oxidation, which may be beneficial in NAFLD.