Many mutations resided on the trunk (clonal mutations), including established CRC driver genes [38, 39], such as APC, as well as genes related to the metastatic progression of CRC [40, 41], such as ASAP1 and RGL2. For all mapped genes, SIEVE identified only one type of mutation event, i.e. single mutations that correspond to the switch of the genotype from 0/0 to 0/1. Here, RGL2 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.