BRCA1 and Familial prostate cancer: Although it has long been known that PARP inhibitors were effective for prostate cancer with pathogenic or likely pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations [46, 47], it was not until recently that evidence started to emerge that PARP inhibitors were also effective in other genitourinary malignancies [47–51], except in renal cell carcinoma, since no evidence on the presence of BRCA1/2 mutations has been available in the cancer [52].