However, patients with anti-PLA2R antibodies should undergo a biopsy if they have an unusual immune profile [e.g., positive anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)], in case of lack of response to treatment, if the nephrotic syndrome persists even though anti-PLA2R antibodies are negative, or if they have rapidly declining kidney function [14]. The gene discussed is PLA2R1; the disease is nephrotic syndrome.