TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Our present study demonstrates that the combination of esomeprazole and pirfenidone enhances the regulation of several biological processes that drive lung fibrosis including TGFβ-induced proliferation and migration of lung fibroblasts, contractility of collagen gels, as well as production of soluble collagen by TGFβ-stimulated IPF lung fibroblasts in vitro (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4).