A recent study also reported that esomeprazole regulates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/Smad2/3 signaling pathway to control TGFβ-induced collagen production by dermal fibroblasts and bleomycin-induced dermal and lung fibrosis in an animal model of scleroderma42. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.