APP and Alzheimer disease: The β-sAPP fragment is cleaved by γ-secretase and produces an beta-amyloid 42 isoform, which accumulates and contributes to neuroinflammation and microglia activation.(30,43) Dysfunctions caused by mutations in the APP gene significantly affect the amyloidogenic pathway and cause an uncontrolled increase in peptides in neuronal tissue, so that it deposits and forms insoluble senile plaques, especially in the early stages of AD.(44) In addition, mutations in this transmembrane protein can interfere with generating its isoforms, which occurs by alternative splicing.(45)