GAST and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In turn, gastrin plays an important role in β-cell neogenesis regulation.(19) Improved glycemic control in response to PPIs has been reported in experimental and clinical studies.(20,21) However, the effects of PPIs on RBCF preservation in patients with type 2 diabetes are inconsistent.(22,23) In patients with T1D, combination therapy with lansoprazole and sitagliptin did not show protective effects on RBCF.