ALB and cancer: Three versions of the prediction model were developed: (1) a simple model including the surprise question only, (2) a clinical model including the surprise question and clinical characteristics (age, cancer type prognosis, visceral metastases, brain metastases, ECOG performance status, weight loss, pain, and dyspnea), and (3) an extended model including the surprise question, clinical characteristics, and laboratory values (hemoglobin, CRP, and serum albumin) (Table 3).