Furthermore, we have extended these observations to HIV clearance mediated by NK cells through enhanced proapoptotic signaling through the immune effector pathways of FasL, TRAIL, and perforin/granzyme B. It is also noteworthy that CAR-T cells use killing pathways like those of native T cells, and thus in cancer model systems CAR-T cell killing of target cells is enhanced by venetoclax (74). Here, PRF1 is linked to cancer.