TNF and infection: Plasma from Plasmodium‐infected hosts contains several components of the host's immune response (e.g. IgG, IgE and IgM antibodies, and TNF‐α and related inflammatory cytokines) as well as extracellular vesicles shuttling communication signals between parasites during an infection (Clark, 2007; Opadokun & Rohrbach, 2021).