PTEN and renal cell carcinoma: RAS, v-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene B1 (BRAF) [71], TP53 [72], retinoblastoma (RB) [73], cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) [74], phosphoinositide-3 -kinase, catalytic alpha polypeptide (PIK3CA) [75], phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [76], epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [77], Somatic truncating mutations in the neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene, which encodes marlin proteins such as ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) family members that connect cytoskeletal components and cell membranes [78], have recently been reported in RCC cells clear.