AKT1 and sarcopenia: Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway is activated in exercise-induced autophagy, which is beneficial for remedying sarcopenia.306 Akt is also likely to mediate FOXO family inhibition in the regulation of stem cell proliferation.307 Inhibition of FOXOs activity decreases myostatin expression and increases satellite cell proliferation, and fusion, and leads to muscle hypertrophy308,309 (Fig. 3).