PMS2 and small intestine carcinoma: It is important to note that in a previous study of PMS2 variants, carriers were at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer compared with the general population, but there was no clear evidence of an increased risk of ovarian, gastric, hepatobiliary, bladder, renal, brain, breast, prostate, or small bowel cancer.57 However, this study was performed in non-Hispanic White men, and does not preclude the potential importance of this gene in Black men who develop early-onset prostate cancer.