It is suggested that the SIRT1‐SREBP‐1‐PIR‐NLRP3 axis may be related to the chronic inflammation of COPD, SIRT1 can be used as a protective agent for PM exposure, and PIR can be used as a predictor of cardiopulmonary diseases induced by PM. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.